Palinuro

The Palinuro seamount is a volcanic complex (Palinuro Volcanic Complex: PVC) in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Its eruptive history is unknown and is believed to be contemporaneous with the Marsili volcano. The MAR98 oceanographic campaign carried out limited sampling of the volcanic complex (Fig. 1).

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Bathymetric data (Bibliography) indicate that the PVC extends for about 50 km in an E–W direction and has a complex morphology, being composed of several main volcanic edifices (Fig. 1). These data, used to obtain a 3D digital model of the PVC (Fig. 1), highlight: • the different depths of the northern and southern flanks of the PVC, whose seafloor lies respectively at 1,900 m and 3,300 m below sea level. The 1,400 m offset between the two flanks represents the surface expression of a lithospheric fault generated at the tear of the northern edge of the subducting Ionian plate. The southern flank shows widespread morphologies, at various scales, attributable to gravitational and volcano-tectonic collapses; • the flat summit of two volcanic edifices, whose positions at 70 m and 200 m below sea level suggest a phase of emergence during the last glaciation (about 18,000 years ago); • the presence, in the western sector of the PVC, of a caldera collapse within which small volcanic cones affected by intense hydrothermal activity has been detected. Sampling activity (Bibliography) focused on the summit and the south-eastern flank of the PVC recovered a few fragments of volcanic rocks (lavas) and several fragments of sedimentary rocks (pelagic sediments, carbonate hardgrounds, volcanoclastites). Many of the recovered samples are coated with a thin manganese crust. Petrological data indicate a basaltic andesite composition for the recovered lava samples (Fig. 2; Bibliography). .

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